# Dasher

2004 The Dasher Project

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.

UNIX is a trademark of X/Open Group.

Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds.

X Window System is a trademark of X Consortium, Inc.

Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corp.

Macintosh and Apple are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.

This is version 1.0 of the Dasher manual.

## Introduction

Dasher is an information-efficient text-entry interface, driven by natural continuous pointing gestures. Dasher is a competitive text-entry system wherever a full-size keyboard cannot be used - for example on a palmtop or wearable computer, or when operating a computer one-handed (by joystick, touchscreen or mouse) or zero-handed (i.e. by head-mouse or eyetracker). This document describes version &version; of Dasher.

Dasher can be started by selecting Dasher from the Accessibility submenu of the Main Menu, or by running the command `dasher` on the command line.

## Using Dasher

This section describes basic usage of Dasher.

### Basic usage

When you first start Dasher, you see the Main window, as shown in mainshot.

#### Dasher Main Window

Dasher Main Window

Initially, the characters appear in boxes in a vertical column on the right hand side, as shown in figure 1. Start by clicking the left mouse button near the cross-hair move the pointer towards the first letter you want to write. e.g. 't'. The display will start to zoom in towards the 't'. You can stop at any time by clicking on the left mouse button. The horizontal direction controls the rate of zooming in. Moving the pointer to the right zooms in. Moving the pointer to the left zooms out. The vertical co-ordinates determine the place which is being zoomed in on. As the desired letter moves towards the crosshair, further letters can be selected by searching within the box of the current letter. In figure 2, 'h' is being selected.

#### Writing 't' followed by 'h'.

Writing 't' followed by 'h'.

Always look inside the current letter for the next letter. For example, to write 'the', point at the 'e' within 'h'. An easy mistake to make is to go for the first e you see, and not the 'e' within 'h'. The text box above the display shows what is being written. To start again, tap New.

### Menus

The menu bar, located at the top of the Main Window, provides the following commands:

File

- This menu contains the following commands:

  - New

  - Open

  - Save

  - Save As

  - Append to file—this command can be used to append the current Dasher buffer to an existing text file.

  - Import training text—this command can be used to add the contents of an existing text file to Dasher's language model.

  - Quit

Edit

- This menu contains the following commands:

  - Cut

  - Copy

  - Paste

  - Copy All

Options

- This menu contains the following commands:

  - Preferences, which launches the Preferences Dialog

  - Edit font—alters the font used in the edit box.

  - Dasher font—alters the size of the moving characters.

  - Dasher font size

  - Enter text into other windows—this causes Dasher to enter text into whichever window is selected.

  - Control mode—this causes an extra node to appear at the bottom of the alphabet. Here, you can edit text directly from within Dasher, cause Dasher to speak text that you have entered and stop or pause Dasher.

Help

- This menu contains the following commands:

  - About—shows basic information about Dasher, such as author's name and version number.

## Customization

To change default settings, select Preferences command in Settings menu. This launches the Preferences dialog, shown in prefs1, prefs2, prefs3, prefs4 and prefs5.

### "Alphabet" dialog

Preferences dialog

Dasher has support for many languages, and the choice of which language to write in is made with this dialog. Note that some languages (for example, Hiragana, Korean and the International Phonetic Alphabet) may require fonts that you do not have installed. For information on creating your own alphabet files, see the Dasher website.

### "Colour" dialog

Preferences dialog

Dasher has support for different colour schemes. The 'Default' colour scheme is a simple rotation of colours that should work with any language. Enhanced colour schemes may be used for languages with logical groupings (such as Hiragana or Korean) or to increase contrast.

### "Control" dialog

Preferences dialog

- One dimensional mode—maps the Y coordinate of the mouse position to an X/Y coordinate, for use with one-dimensional input methods.

- Eyetracker mode—optimisations for eyetrackers -- specifically, makes Dasher behave as in one-dimensional mode near the right hand edge of the screen.

- Start on left mouse button—the left mouse button starts and stops Dasher.

- Start on space bar—the space bar starts and stops Dasher.

- Start with mouse position—when Dasher is paused, a red box appears. Hold the cursor inside the red box until a yellow box appears. Hold the cursor inside the yellow box. Dasher will then start..

- Copy all on stop—when stopped, Dasher will copy all text to the clipboard automatically.

- Speak on stop—when stopped, Dasher will speak newly entered text automatically.

- Pause outside window—Dasher will pause if the mouse pointer moves outside its window.

### "View" dialog

Preferences dialog

- Orientation—alters the direction that the text moves in. If set to "Alphabet default", the alphabet file will choose the appropriate direction for the alphabet.

- Show toolbar—you can hide Dasher's toolbar if you wish. Calling dasher with the '-o' switch will open a reduced-options version of dasher, designed for entry into other applications.

- Show speed slider—enable/disable the speed slider.

- Show mouse position—in some situations (such as one-dimensional or eyetracker mode), the absolute position of the mouse will differ from Dasher's perception of the mouse position. This option shows you where Dasher's mouse is.

- Draw line between crosshairs and mouse—helpful for users who have trouble keeping track of the pointer.

- Draw box outlines—increases the contrast around the edges of boxes, to help distinguish between them.

- Change colour scheme automatically—languages such as Hiragana are aware of which colour scheme they should be using. This option allows an alphabet to select its colour scheme automatically.

### "Advanced" dialog

Preferences dialog

- Smoothing—adds a "uniform" element to the language model's predictions. A smoothing value of 100 will result in an entirely uniform distribution being used -- each box will have the same size.

- Timestamp new files—each file created by Dasher will automatically have the current time in its filename.

- Distance from centreline for start on mouse position—controls the range for the 'Start on mouse position' option.

- Number of pixels that should cover the entire Y range—some input devices do not have enough gain to cover an entire Dasher window; this option increases the gain of displacement on the Y axis.

## Authors

Dasher was written by the members of The Dasher Project (dasher@mrao.cam.ac.uk). To find more information about it, please visit Dasher's Web page. Please send all comments, suggestions, and bug reports to the GNOME bug tracking database. Instructions for submitting bug reports can be found on-line at http://bugs.gnome.org/Reporting.html. If you are using GNOME 1.1 or later, you can also use command `bug-buddy` for submitting bug reports.

This manual was written by The Dasher Project (dasher@mrao.cam.ac.uk). Please send all comments and suggestions regarding the manual to the GNOME Documentation Project at docs@gnome.org. You can also add your comments online by using GNOME Documentation Status Table.