# &appname; Manual V&manrevision;

## Introduction

The &app; application enables users with limited vision, or no vision, to use the GNOME Desktop and associated applications. &app; provides the following functionality:

Screen reader

- The screen reader enables non-visual access to standard applications in the desktop, using speech and Braille output.

Magnifier

- The magnifier provides automated focus tracking and fullscreen magnification to aid low-vision users.

## Getting Started

### To Start Gnopernicus

You can start &app; in the following ways:

Menu

- Choose Applications Accessibility Screen Reader and Magnifier .

Command line

- Execute the following command: `gnopernicus`

  You can use the `-d` option to specify default settings.

### When You Start Gnopernicus

When you start &app;, the Gnopernicus menu window appears:

#### &app; Menu Window

Shows Gnopernicus menu window. Contains launchers for Startup Mode, Preferences, Default Preferences, Minimize, Help, About, and Quit.

The Gnopernicus menu window contains the following items:

Startup Mode

- The Startup Mode dialog enables you to choose the functionality that you want &app; to provide when you launch the application. You can use the dialog to apply functionality changes while you are using the application.

Preferences

- Click on this item to adjust the settings for speech output, magnifier behavior, Braille output, Braille monitor, mouse behavior, and key mapping.

Default Preferences

- Click on this item at any time to load the default settings for &app;.

Minimize

- Click on this item to minimize the Gnopernicus menu window.

Help

- Click on this item to open the Help manual for &app;.

About

- Click on this item to read developer information about the &app; application.

Quit

- Click on this item to exit &app; at any time.

## Usage

### To Activate Speech Output

Speech output is normally active by default when &app; starts. However, if there is no speech output, click on Startup Mode in the &app; menu window, then select the Speech option in the Startup Mode dialog.

Some useful assigned actions on the numeric keypad that you can use to work with the Speech output feature are as follows:

Numeric Keypad Code | Assigned Action
L08K13 | Pause or continue reading a large chunk of text.
L08K01 | Decrease the speech volume.
L00K05 | Repeat the last utterance. To spell out characters, press Ctrl Left Arrow.
L03K04 | Provide speech output of the complete contents of a window through the hierarchy of the contents. This is called a logical review.
L03K05 | Provide speech output of the complete contents of a window flattening the hierarchy in a left-to-right top-to-bottom way. This is called a spatial review.

For information about how to use different keypad layers, see gnopernicus-layer-switch.

### To Activate Braille Output

Click on Startup Mode in the &app; menu window, then select the Braille option in the Startup Mode dialog. The application translates all system output to Braille for display on a Braille device.

### To Start the Magnifier

Click on Startup Mode in the &app; menu window, then select the Magnifier option in the Startup Mode dialog.

When the magnifier is activated, half of the screen appears normal size and the other half of the screen is magnified. The location of the cursor on the normal-size screen is indicated by a mobile cross-hair on the magnified part of the screen.

### To Start the Braille Monitor

You can start Braille Monitor in the following ways:

&app; menu window

- Click on Startup Mode, then select the Braille Monitor option.

Command line

- Execute the following command: `/usr/libexec/brlmonitor`

  You can specify the following options with the `brlmonitor` command:

  [-column | -c] | Number of columns on the display
  [-line | -l] | Number of lines on the display
  [-mode | -m] | Specifies the font: [normal]
  [-port | -p] | UDP port number

The purpose of the Braille Monitor is to show you the output that is sent to a Braille device. You can view the output in standard text format, Braille format, or both formats in the Braille Monitor.

### To Start Gnopernicus in Minimized Mode

You can start &app; with the main window minimized, but you can still use the &app; functions. To do this, click on Startup Mode in the &app; menu window, then select the Start minimized option.

### Command Mapping With Layer Keys

&app; functions are mapped onto keys on the numeric keypad. Because the number of keys on the numeric keypad is limited, the functions are assigned in layers. Any key can have multiple functions, depending on which layer is active. You can use the assigned layers of the &app; numeric keypad to work with the different functional areas of the application. The numeric keypad codes are written as follows:

LayernnKeynn

Explanation:

Layernn | Represents the number of the keypad layer.
Keynn | Represents the key value.

#### To Switch Between Numeric Keypad Layers

To switch between numeric keypad layers, perform the following actions:

1. Press the Num Lock key to switch on Num Lock.

2. Press the 0 key on the numeric keypad.

3. Press the key on the numeric keypad that corresponds to the layer you want to activate. See gnopernicus-default-mapping for more information about which keys are assigned to each layer. You must perform this action within five seconds of the first action. If you do not press the layer number within five seconds, then &app; does not change the current layer.

#### To Modify Defined Layer Keys

To modify layer keys that are already defined, perform the following steps:

1. Click on Command Mapping in the &app; Preferences menu window.

2. Open the Layers tab in the Command Mapping dialog.

3. Select the layer code you want to modify.

4. Click Modify.

5. Make your modifications.

6. Click OK.

#### To Define Your Own Keyboard Shortcuts

To assign your own keyboard shortcuts for commands, perform the following steps:

1. Click on Command Mapping in the &app; Preferences menu window.

2. Open the User defined tab in the Command Mapping dialog.

3. Click Add. The Add User Defined Key dialog is displayed.

4. Select the modifier key that you want to use from the Modifier keys options.

5. Select the key that you want to use from the Key drop-down list.

6. Click OK. The Commands List dialog is displayed.

7. Select the command that you want to associate with the new layer key from the Commands list.

8. Click OK.

#### Default Gnopernicus Command Mapping

Currently, &app; functions are mapped on to 11 layers, from 00 to 10. It is possible to use up to 16 layers.

The layer numbers and corresponding numeric keypad keys are as follows:

Layer | Key
00 | 0
01 | 1
02 | 2
03 | 3
04 | 4
05 | 5
06 | 6
07 | 7
08 | 8
09 | 9
10 | Del
11 | Enter
12 | Plus
13 | Minus
14 | Asterisk
15 | Slash

The currently assigned functions of the numeric keypad layers are listed in the following tables.

#### Numeric Keypad Layer 00: Navigation Controls

Key | Function
1 | Go to toolbar.
2 | Go to child.
3 | Go to statusbar.
4 | Go to previous.
5 | Repeat last utterance.
6 | Go to next.
7 | Go to title.
8 | Go to parent.
9 | Go to menubar.
Del | Toggle between focus tracking and flat review mode.
Enter | Describe my surroundings.
Plus | Go to focus.
Minus | Change navigation mode.
Asterisk | Go to last.
Slash | Go to first.

#### Numeric Keypad Layer 01

Key | Function
1 | Attributes at caret.
2 | Watch current object.
Plus | Go to caret.

#### Numeric Keypad Layer 03

Key | Function
1 | Find set.
2 | Do default action.
3 | Window overview.
4 | Window hierarchy.
5 | Flat review.
6 | Object details.
Del | Find next.

#### Numeric Keypad Layer 05: Mouse Controls

Key | Function
1 | Left mouse button press.
2 | Left mouse button click.
3 | Left mouse button release.
4 | Right mouse button press.
5 | Right mouse button click.
6 | Right mouse button release.
7 | Middle mouse button press.
8 | Middle mouse button click.
9 | Middle mouse button release.
Del | Move mouse to current object.

#### Numeric Keypad Layer 06: Magnifier Characteristics

Key | Function
1 | Toggle the cursor on and off.
2 | Decrease the Y zoom factor.
3 | Toggle the cross-hair on and off.
4 | Decrease the X zoom factor.
5 | Lock the Y and Y zoom factors together.
6 | Increase the X zoom factor.
7 | Invert on and off.
8 | Increase the Y zoom factor.
9 | Smoothing toggle.
Del | Load magnifier defaults.
Enter | Toggle the cursor magnifier on and off.
Plus | Toggle panning on and off.
Minus | Toggle between mouse tracking modes.

#### Numeric Keypad Layer 07: Magnifier Mouse and Cursor Controls

Key | Function
1 | Toggle the cursor on and off .
2 | Decrease the size of the cursor.
3 | Toggle the cross-hair on and off.
4 | Decrease the size of the cross-hair.
5 | Toggle the cross-hair clip on and off.
6 | Increase the size of the cross-hair.
7 | Not mapped.
8 | Increase the size of the cursor.
9 | Cursor toggle.
Del | Load magnifier defaults.
Enter | Toggle the cursor magnifier on and off.
Plus | Not mapped
Minus | Toggle between mouse tracking modes.

#### Numeric Keypad Layer 08: Speech Characteristics

Key | Function
1 | Decrease volume of speech output.
2 | Default setting for volume of speech output.
3 | Increase the volume of speech output.
4 | Decrease rate of speech output.
5 | Default setting for rate of speech output.
6 | Increase rate of speech output.
7 | Decrease pitch of speech output.
8 | Default pitch setting for speech output.
9 | Increase pitch of speech output.
Del | Default settings for speech output.
Minus | Toggle between Pause and Resume for speech output.

#### Numeric Keypad Layer 09: Braille Scroll Controls

Key | Function
1 | Scroll one Braille character to the left.
3 | Scroll one Braille character to the right.
4 | Scroll one Braille display to the left.
6 | Scroll one Braille display to the right.

#### Numeric Keypad Layer 10: Toggle Keys

Key | Function
1 | Toggle Braille output on and off.
2 | Toggle speech output on and off.
3 | Toggle magnifier on and off.

## Preferences

To open the Preferences menu window, click on Preferences in the &app; menu window.

### Speech Preferences

Click on Speech in the Preferences window to open the Speech Preferences dialog. The Speech Preferences dialog contains the following options to enable you to modify the speech output:

Punctuation

- Select one of the following options to determine how much of the punctuation in text the reader outputs:

  - Ignore

    The reader does not output any punctuation.

  - Some

    The reader outputs the following punctuation marks: < > ( ) { } * − + =

  - Most

    The reader outputs the following punctuation marks: < > ( ) { } * − + = , " '

  - All

    The reader outputs the following punctuation marks: < > ( ) { } * − + = , " ' & _ [ ] | \ / ;

Text Echo

- Select one of the following options to determine the speech feedback that you receive as you type text:

  - Character

    Receive speech feedback after every character that you type.

  - Word

    Receive speech feedback after every word that you type.

  - None

    Disable speech feedback when you are typing text.

Count characters

- Select this option to hear the total number of repeated characters rather than receive speech feedback after each character. For example, if the text includes = = =, the reader outputs the text as “three equals” instead of “equals equals equals”.

Say all modifiers

- Select this option to hear the name of each modifier key that you press.

Say all navigation keys

- Select this option to hear the name of each navigation key that you press.

Say all spaces

- Select this option to hear speech feedback every time that you press the spacebar.

Use dictionary

- Select this option to use a dictionary of replacement words or phrases. To view the dictionary, click on the Dictionary button. The dictionary contains a list words and replacement words. For example, if the user types “USA”, the reader outputs the replacement word “United States of America”.

  To add words to the dictionary, click Add. To modify words in the dictionary, select the word, then click Modify. To remove words from the dictionary, select the word, then click Remove.

Voices

- To modify the speaker, volume, rate, or pitch settings, click on the Voices button. The Voices dialog is displayed. See gnopernicus-speech-prefs-voices for more information.

#### Voice Preferences

The Voices dialog contains the following options:

Voices list

- This list box lists the voices that are currently configured for different types of system output.

Add

- Click this button to add a new voice to the voices list.

Modify

- Click this button to modify an existing voice. You must first select the voice that you want to modify, then click Modify.

Remove

- Click this button to remove an existing voice. You must first select the voice that you want to remove, then click Remove.

Test voice

- Click this button to test how a voice sounds.

Edit absolute

- Click this button to assign absolute values to the voice settings.

Edit relative

- Click this button to assign relative values to the voice settings.

### Braille Preferences

Click on Braille in the Preferences window to open the Braille Preferences dialog. The Braille Preferences dialog contains the following options:

- Braille Device

- Translation Table

- Braille Style

- Cursor Preferences

- Braille Key Mapping

#### Braille Device Preferences

Device

- Use this drop-down list to select the type of Braille device that you are using.

Port

- Use this spin box to select the port number to which the Braille device is connected.

#### Translation Table Preferences

Use this list box to select the language from which the Braille device is translating.

#### Braille Style Preferences

&app; can display 6-dot or 8-dot Braille code. Select one of the following options:

- 8 Dot Braille

- 6 Dot Braille

#### Cursor Preferences

Select one of the following options to determine how &app; displays the cursor in Braille:

- Full cell cursor

  Display a full-cell cursor. &app; uses all of the dots in the cell.

- Underline cursor

  Display an underlined cursor. &app; uses dots 7 and 8 only.

- No cursor

  Do not display a cursor.

#### Braille Key Mapping Preferences

The Braille Display Key Mapping dialog contains three tabbed sections as follows:

- Position Sensors

- Optical Sensors

- Braille Keys

##### Position Sensors and Optical Sensors

Braille devices can contain position or optical sensors that the user can activate to perform an action. The Position Sensors and Optical Sensors tabbed sections enable you to select the action that the system performs when a user activates a position sensor or an optical sensor. The Position Sensors and Optical Sensors tabbed sections contain the same options. You can select one of the following options for each sensor type:

- Position sensors off

- Only move mouse

- Move mouse and click left

- Move mouse and click right

- Move mouse and click left or right

  This option is not available on the Optical Sensors tabbed section.

- Move caret

- Show X coordinate

- Show Y coordinate

- Font style

- Font name

- Font size

- Activate script function "OnPosSwitch"

- Present attributes

##### Braille Keys

The Braille Keys tabbed section contains a list of the predefined Braille device keys that are assigned to commands.

To add a new Braille key to the list, perform the following steps:

1. Click Add in the Braille Keys tabbed section.

2. Select a command from the Commands list.

3. Select the Braille device keys that you want to associate with the command from the Device key drop-down list.

4. Click OK.

To modify the command that is associated with a Braille device key, perform the following steps:

1. Select the entry in the Braille Keys tabbed section.

2. Click Modify.

3. Select a command from the Commands list.

4. Click OK.

To delete a Braille key from the list, select the entry, then click Remove.

### Magnifier Preferences

Click on Magnifier in the Preferences window to open the Magnifier Preferences dialog. The Magnifier Preferences dialog contains the following options:

Cursor on/off

- Select this option to display the pointer in the magnified screen area.

Set cursor separate from magnification

- Select this option to set the size and color of the pointer independently of the magnification settings that are applied to the screen. If you select this option, the following options are available:

  Cursor size

- Use this spin box to select the size of the pointer.

Cursor color

- Click on the color selector button to display the color selector dialog and select a color for the pointer.

Cross-hair on/off

- Select this option to display a cross-hair in the magnified screen area.

Cross-hair clip on/off

- Select this option to remove the part of the cross-hair that is closest to the pointer. This enables you to clearly see the item that is closest to the pointer.

Cross-hair size

- Use this spin box to select the size of the cross-hair.

Cross-hair color

- Click on the color selector button to display the color selector dialog and select a color for the cross-hair.

Cross-hair color inverted

- Select this option to change the color of the cross-hair depending on the color on which the cross-hair is displayed.

Zoomer list

- This list box lists the groups of magnification settings that are available. To add a group of magnification settings, click Add/Modify. The Zoomer Options dialog is displayed. See gnopernicus-magnifier-prefs-zoomer for more information.

  To remove a group of magnification settings, select the group, then click Remove.

#### Zoomer Options

The Zoomer Options dialog contains the following options:

Border size

- This option is not currently available.

Border color

- This option is not currently available.

Lock zoom factor

- Select this option to bind the X and Y zoom factors together so that when you increase one zoom factor, the other zoom factor automatically changes to the same level.

Zoom factor X

- Use this spin box to increase or decrease the zoom factor on the X axis.

Zoom factor Y

- Use this spin box to increase or decrease the zoom factor on the Y axis.

Display Screen - Source

- Use this text box to specify the display that you want to magnify.

Display Screen - Target

- Use this text box to specify the display on which you want to show the magnified display.

Smoothing

- Use this drop-down list to select the type of rendering that you want to use.

Mouse tracking mode

- Select one of the following mouse tracking modes:

  Push

- Refresh the magnified display when you move the pointer outside the magnified display area.

Centered

- Refresh the magnified display to always display the pointer at the center of the magnified display area.

Proportional

- Refresh the magnified display area as you move the pointer close to the boundaries of the magnified display area.

None

- Do not track the pointer when the pointer moves outside the magnified area of display.

Zoomer placement

- Use these spin boxes to specify the coordinates at which you want to display the magnified display area.

Focus tracking mode

- Select one of the following options:

  - None

  - Centered

  - Auto

Panning

- Select this option to enable you to scroll around the magnified display area.

Invert

- Select this option to invert the colors in the magnified display area.

### Mouse Preferences

Click on Mouse in the Preferences window to open the Mouse Preferences dialog. The Mouse Preferences dialog contains the following options:

- Take mouse at current object

- Simulate click on current object

### Braille Monitor Preferences

Click on Braille Monitor in the Preferences window to open the Braille Monitor Preferences dialog. The Braille Monitor Preferences dialog contains the following options:

Lines

- Use this spin box to select the number of lines that the Braille Monitor displays.

Columns

- Use this spin box to select the number of columns that the Braille Monitor displays.

Mode Type

- Select one of the following options to determine the type of output that the Braille Monitor displays:

  - Normal

    Display normal text to describe the screen contents.

  - Braille

    This option is not currently available.

  - Dual

    This option is not currently available.

Use theme system colors

- Select this option to display the Braille Monitor in the colors that are associated with the desktop theme.

Dot 8

- Click on the color selector button to display the color selector dialog and select a color to display text that uses 8 dots.

Dot 7

- Click on the color selector button to display the color selector dialog and select a color to display text that uses 7 dots.

Dot 78

- Click on the color selector button to display the color selector dialog and select a color to display text that uses 7 and 8 dots.

Size

- Use this spin box to select the font size to use to display text output.

Position

- Select one of the following options to determine the position of the Braille Monitor window on the screen:

  - Top

    Display the Braille Monitor across the top of the screen.

  - Bottom

    Display the Braille Monitor across the bottom of the screen.

### Command Mapping Preferences

Click on Command Mapping in the Preferences window to open the Command Mapping dialog.

The Command Mapping dialog contains the following tabbed sections:

- Layers

- User defined

#### Layers

The Layers list lists the default command mapping that is defined in &app; and that is described in gnopernicus-default-mapping.

To add a new layer key to the list, perform the following steps:

1. Click Add. The Add Layer Key dialog is displayed.

2. Use the Layer spin box to select the layer number.

3. Use the Key spin box to select the key number.

4. Click OK. The Commands List dialog is displayed.

5. Select the command that you want to associate with the new layer key from the Commands list.

6. Click OK.

To modify defined layer keys, see gnopernicus-layer-modify.

To remove a defined layer key, select the key from the Layers list, then click Remove.

#### User Defined

Use this tabbed section to define your own keyboard shortcuts. See gnopernicus-keystrokes for more information.

### Presentation Preferences

Click on Presentation in the Preferences window to open the Presentation Preferences dialog.

You can select the following functionality:

- Verbose

- Default

### Screen Review Preferences

Click on Screen Review in the Preferences window to open the Screen Review Preferences dialog.

You can select the following functionality:

- Horizontal flags

- Vertical flags

### Search Preferences

Click on Search in the Preferences window to open the Search Preferences dialog.

You can search for an object on your screen, within the following parameters:

- Window

- Application

- Desktop

- Text

- Attribute

- Graphics